"[17], Amenhotep III's “harem included two princesses from Babylon, two princesses from Syria, two princesses from Mitanni, and like Solomon's harem, it included a princess from each of the seven nations listed in 1 Kings 11:1. [12], The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "The Pharaoh was probably Psieukhannit (Psebkhan) II, the last king of the 21st dynasty, who had his capitol at Zoan (Tanis), and ruled over the Delta. John Wesley held that Psalm 45 (which he saw as "a kind of abridgement" of the Song of Solomon) also "alludes to the marriage between Solomon and Pharaoh's daughter."[6]. Further, he built outside of Jerusalem as well, including rebuilding cities such as Palmyra, and constructing harbors such as Ezion-Geber for his vast fleets. Jerusalem Summary The only wife of King Solomon known by her personal name was Naamah, the Ammonite princess, mother of Rehoboam, heir to thre throne. It states "Royal women were married to their brothers or in some cases the father to keep the throne in the family. And His reasons are not known to us. ", 2 Samuel 5:25 "And David did so, as the Lord commanded him, and smote the Philistines from Geba until thou come to Gezer. In the centre of this complex is the palace, called Solomon’s House (1 Kings 7.8a), which had a separate wing for his wife, Pharaoh’s Daughter (1 Kings 7.8b). Her influence on Solomon is seen as the downfall of his greatness. "[9] R' Shlomo Ganzfried outlines the policy saying that "during the reigns of King David and King Solomon, when the Jews enjoyed political autonomy and financial prosperity, no converts were accepted, since they were likely to be motivated by a desire for personal security and monetary gain. [19] Scholarly consensus in this field holds that "Solomon's wives/women were introduced in the 'Josianic' (customarily Dtr) edition of Kings as a theological construct to blame the schism [between Judah and the Northern Kingdom of Israel] on his misdeeds". Her influence on Solomon is seen as the downfall of his greatness. And that I needed to post my thoughts. And the foundation was of costly stones, even great stones, stones of ten cubits, and stones of eight cubits. Ezra 9-10; Neh 13:23-30a) when Solomon is known to have been a negative role-model in this regard (Neh 13:26); none of this material sheds any light on the 'historical Solomon'. That’s a little hard to do when you marry those of other faiths. She hung over his bed a canopy embroidered with gems which shone like stars; so that every time he intended to rise, he, on looking at the gems, thought it was still night. Pharaoh's daughter who was the wife of Solomon is a figure in Hebrew scriptures who married the king of the United Monarchy of Israel to cement a political alliance with Egypt. And she tied a scarlet thread on the middle of the door of [the house of] her gods, and she brought three locusts and set them in the house of her gods. Authors: Yerra … 2 Chronicles 8:11. 1 Kings 9:1) was rather a depraved passion; and she, more than all his other foreign wives, caused him to sin. Not long after he became king he made an “affinity” with the King of Egypt and took Pharaoh’s daughter as his first wife. ...It was during Amenhotep III's reign that Gezer and other major Palestine cities were refortified as royal Egyptian garrisons, and endowed with fine temples and palaces. Some sources refer to the object of Solomon's song as The Shulamite. Thou hast made thy face evil towards me, and thy regard towards me is not as it was formerly, and thy beautiful form is not as enticing as usual. And King Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh’s daughter Naamah, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the Lord, and the wall of Jerusalem round about. The Lord knows all. "...he [Solomon] also built cities which might be counted among the strongest, Hazor and Megiddo, and the third Gezer, which had indeed belonged to the Philistines; but Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, had made an expedition against it, and besieged it, and taken it by force; and when he had slain all its inhabitants, he utterly overthrew it, and gave it as a present to his daughter, who had been married to Solomon; for which reason the king rebuilt it, as a city that was naturally strong, and might be useful in wars, and the mutations of affairs that sometimes happen. Pharaoh’s Daughter however didn’t live there. "[15], Another source points out that except for the story in the Hebrew scriptures there is no other claim that this happened. He made also a house for Pharaoh's daughter, whom Solomon had taken to wife, like unto this porch. This situation changed when the Egyptian army invaded the city, ethnically cleansed the populace and Pharaoh turned it over to his daughter as a wedding gift, whereby it became the property of Israel. The 'daughter of Pharaoh' represents the source of all the different kinds of worldly wisdom (which are her 'handmaidens'). What type of influence do you have on the men (or women) in your life?   Matthew - John King Solomon, son of King David and Bathsheba, is renowned in the Old Testament for his God-given wisdom, writing, wealth, and women. Of course, disobeying any commandment from the Lord is inherently wrong. Before getting married I had seriously thought of commissioning in the Army-despite an internal hesitancy to do so. — R. Nahman said: He took off his phylacteries in front of him. Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. Ask me, and I will give thee whatsoever thou wishest, and I will perform it for thee, so that thou mayest make thy face (or, attitude) gracious towards me as formerly"; but she held her peace and answered him never a word. Pharaoh's daughter who was the wife of Solomon is a figure in Hebrew scriptures who married the king of the United Monarchy of Israel to cement a political alliance with Egypt. [2] Most scholars believe the alliance was a result of the reputation of Solomon's father, "Under David, Israel had become a factor to be reckoned with in Eastern politics, and the Pharaoh found it prudent to secure its friendship. From a large courtyard in front of Solomon’s House, a special Royal Ascent (1 Kings 10.5 KJV) led up to the Temple (1 Kings 6), which lay on higher ground. This is in conflict "with Seder Olam Rabbah 15, where it is held that Solomon married Pharaoh's daughter when he began to build the temple, that is, in the fourth year of his reign (comp. Why do you think the Lord command the Israelites not to marry foreign wives? (Note: All scripture quotes are taken from the 1917 Jewish Publication Society Bible, now in the public domain.) He said thus to him: Thy father David made breaches in the wall, that Israel might come up [to Jerusalem] on the Festivals; whilst thou hast closed them, in order to exact toll for the benefit of Pharaoh's daughter. Charles Pope outlines the work of Ahmed Osman in support of one aspect of this theory, "that the story of Solomon was patterned specifically after the life of Amenhotep III. Walking with the Women Books Pharaoh's daughter was the only wife to be moved into her own palace. "[9] This is held not to be the case with Pharaoh's daughter as "the Talmud explicitly states that this did not apply to the daughter of Pharaoh, who had enough wealth not to need to marry Solomon for money (Talmud Yevamos 76a). The Talmud at Sanhedrin 21b says that "When Solomon married Pharaoh's daughter, Gabriel descended and stuck a reed in the sea, which gathered a sand-bank around it, on which was built the great city of Rome. 1 Kings 9:24 As soon as Pharaoh's daughter had come up from the City of David to the palace that Solomon had built for her, he built the supporting terraces. Instead Solomon's punishment would fall on “the hand of thy son” who was to be stripped of all but “one tribe”. "[7] Some Tannaim look at the story of Solomon marrying Pharaoh's daughter and declare it a "criminal act. 56b the rabbinical defenders of Solomon say that the sin ascribed to him in 1 Kings 11 “is only figurative: it is not meant that Solomon fell into idolatry, but that he was guilty of failing to restrain his wives from idolatrous practices.” The Jewish Encyclopedia points out that the opinion “prevalent in rabbinical literature is that Solomon lost his royalty, riches, and even his reason on account of his sins. He was forced to give them this demonstration of his kindness and affection to them, to live according to the laws of their countries. ", Avraham ben Yaakov tries to understand Solomon's motivations in the scripture texts saying "Since PHARAOH represents the OREPH ("back of the neck", same Hebrew letters as Pharaoh) of creation as opposed to its inner face, the conversion of his daughter by Solomon and her integration into the holy edifice that he was building was a 'coup' similar to the conversion of Batya, the daughter of Pharaoh who drew Moses out of the water. He had set it on fire, killed the Canaanites who lived in the city, and given it as a dowry to his daughter, Solomon's wife. In either version, she saved Moses from certain death from both the Nile river and from the Pharaoh. Scripture not only confirms that Mered married Bithiah, Pharaoh’s daughter, but also reveals they had three sons together. The Hebrew scriptures cast Pharaoh's daughter and all of Solomon's wives as leading Solomon into the temptation of straying from the true worship of God. Pharaoh king of Egypt had attacked and captured Gezer. 1 Kings 3:1; 7:8; 9:16, 24; 11:1 2 Chronicles 8:11 Background: around 945 BC King David died and Solomon, his son by Bath-sheba, inherited the kingdom. KING SOLOMON'S WIFE by Abraham Malamat 1, Rashba Str. The majority of scholars who believe that Solomon was the author of the work Song of Solomon hold that the woman addressed in the song is Pharaoh's daughter. I have issued a standing challenge for all my readers… The Women in the Scripture Challenge… are you super brave and daring enough to take the challenge? April 2007; Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 23(1):48-48; DOI: 10.2979/FSR.2007.23.1.48. The Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen (and others) argue that that Siamun conquered Giza and gave it to Solomon. "[7] Yaakov also points out "Despite the many questions that surround it, we do not find Solomon's marriage to Pharaoh's daughter criticized in our text as being intrinsically sinful: verse 3 [1 Kings 3:3] does implicitly criticize Solomon for sacrificing at many high altars but does not criticize him for marrying Pharaoh's daughter. If we assume that Naamah died before Solomon took Pharaoh's daughter as wife, which was probably three or four years after Rehoboam was born, then we have Solomon being faithful to his first wife, Naamah, for up to 13 years. Solomon made a marriage alliance with Pharaoh king of Egypt. There are the commandments that are given to us to keep us from doing something inherently wrong-murder, for example– And then there are the commandments that are given to us because they are good for us–what to eat that’s good for our body in the word of wisdom. Solomon moved his wives because he didn’t want his non-Israelite wives (and their Gods) corrupting the Lord’s holy house. ...the Millo he did not build for any greatness, for his father had left it for the pilgrims to pitch their tents therein, but since Pharaoh’s daughter had gone up to her house, and the Millo was adjacent to that house, then he built up the Millo. They informed his mother, Bath-sheba, who roused the king when four hours of the day had flown. Since Shishak ruled Egypt twenty years before raiding Palestine in Rehoboam’s fifth year, he acceded about year 25 of Solomon’s reign. 1 Kings 11:26-32 tells of another figure that is moved to act against Solomon: "Solomon sought therefore to kill Jeroboam; but Jeroboam arose, and fled into Egypt" (1 Kings 11:40) he would return to lead a civil war against Solomon's son Rehoboam that would divide the United Kingdom of Israel (as relayed by 1 Kings 12:19-25). …[so] It appears that Amenhotep III patterned his life after that of Solomon.”[18], In the branch of literary analysis that examines the Bible, called higher criticism, the story of Solomon falling into idolatry by the influence of Pharaoh's daughter and his other foreign wives is "customarily seen as the handiwork of the 'deuteronomistic historian(s)'" who are held to have written, compiled, or edited texts to legitimize the reforms of Hezekiah's grandson, King Josiah who reigned from ca 641 BCE to 609 BCE (over 280 years after Solomon's death according to Bible scholars). Many Jewish scholars, scribes, and rabbis have commentated on the relationship of Solomon and Pharaoh's daughter portrayed in the Hebrew scriptures. She then reprimanded him for his conduct; and the verses of Proverbs 31:1-9 are considered by the Rabbis as having been pronounced by Bathsheba on that occasion. The issue lies in the fact that there is no record of Egyptian princesses around this time being used to form marriage alliances. It took 20 years for her palace to be finished; Once her palace was finished she left Jerusalem, as did Solomon’s other wives. Importantly, the Bible emphasizes Solomon's Egyptian bride, but does not mention that Solomon had any Hebrew wives. Moreover, he built two other cities not far from it, Beth-horon was the name of one of them, and Baalath of the other. She was moved out of town. “But Pharaoh's daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house which Solomon had built for her; then did he build Millo.”, The Jewish scholar Rashi's commentary on the passage from 2 Chronicles shows that this relocation was not limited to Pharaoh's daughter. Pharaoh’s daughter wasn’t his only wife though. If so, it was apparently still over-ambitious, because Solomon proved unable to hold his 'catch' within the bounds of holiness, and indeed he himself strayed beyond them. Josephus gives a similar account in his Antiquities of the Jews, Bk 8, Ch 7, Section 5, “Solomon was fallen headlong into unreasonable pleasures, and regarded not those admonitions; for when he had married seven hundred wives, the daughters of princes and of eminent persons, and three hundred concubines, and those besides the king of Egypt's daughter, he soon was governed by them, until he came to imitate their practices. Do you think that Solomon knew he was sinning by taking a foreign wife? Because he reproved him publicly. "[10], The Talmud states that Pharaoh's daughter played a role in why Jeroboam was found worthy of becoming ruler of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. Chavalas, Mark W. (Spring, 2001). Depiction of Solomon worshiping with his queens. Yaakov goes on to outline Jewish thought on whether this caused the union to be ritually pure, "Some rabbis held that intermarriage would only be forbidden if the non-Israelite party to the marriage does not convert, but others held that converting them in order to marry is also forbidden. For other uses, see. So I’ve been reading this blog and thinking about the fun gospel and scriptorial discussions we used to have. ", 1 Kings 11:1-10 “Now king Solomon loved many foreign women, besides the daughter of Pharaoh, women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, and Hittites; of the nations concerning which The Lord said unto the children of Israel: 'Ye shall not go among them, neither shall they come among you; for surely they will turn away your heart after their gods'; Solomon did cleave unto these in love. And so did he for all his foreign wives, who offered and sacrificed unto their gods. (1 Kings 3:1) According to the passage, we can see the special marriage between United Hebrews Monarchy and Egypt. He specifically denied a request by the king of Babylon for an Egyptian wife. And he swore to her that he would give her whatsoever she asked for, and that he would do for her everything that she told him. He gradually fell from the highest glory into the deepest misery. Solomon had 700 hundred wives and 300 concubines (, She was the only one of his wives who was given her own palace (. It is not a thing the ultra-orthodox Dynasty 21 would have done. He walked in the in the ways of the Lord and built a temple to the Lord. It was only in his old age, when Solomon took many wives, that he was criticized for allowing them to turn his heart aside from God. But after marriage, numerous discussions, and the hand of God closing doors, I quickly came to realize that the Army was not where I was meant to serve in life. He had drunk no wine during the seven years of the construction of the Temple; but on the night of its completion he celebrated his wedding with so much revelry that its sound mingled before God with that of the Israelites who celebrated the completion of the sacred edifice, and God at that time thought of destroying with the Temple the whole city of Jerusalem. And he had seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred concubines; and his wives turned away his heart. ...We have an earlier example of the opposite, in fact. (The plot thickens.) And the great court round about had three rows of hewn stone, and a row of cedar beams, like as the inner court of the house of the Lord, and the court of the porch of the house.". 8a "For as long as Shimei the son of Gera was alive Solomon did not marry the daughter of Pharaoh" (see also Midrash Tehillim to Ps. "[3] The marriage alliance is seen by scholars as the reason for the reported increase in trade with Egypt at 1 Kings 10:28-29. For he will turn away thy son from following Me, that they may serve other gods; so will the anger of the Lord be kindled against you, and He will destroy thee quickly. "[8], There is also a discussion on Judaism's policy (which is found in the Talmud at Yevamos 24b) of forbidding conversion unless the "Jewish people is downtrodden. Yaakov says that "this objection is countered by a tradition (not accepted halachically) that the referenced verse applies only to an Egyptian male but not to a female (which would make the law of the Egyptian parallel to the law forbidding a Moabite but not a Moabitess [such as Ruth] from ever entering the Assembly)".[7]. 2 They were from nations about which the Lord had told the Israelites, “You must not intermarry with them, because [20] The first act deals with the dedication of the temple and Solomon's marriage to Pharaoh's daughter. Muslims identify her with Asiya, the Great Royal Wife of the pharaoh. He also built the same type of palace for his wife, the Pharaoh’s daughter!! Solomon was the king of the United Monarchy of Judaea and Israel and was known for his massive harem. For it came to pass, when Solomon was old, that his wives turned away his heart after other gods; and his heart was not whole with the Lord his God, as was the heart of David his father. [19] These scholars hold that the "Pharaoh's daughter tradition" was also written or compiled in Hezekiah's time and may have been present in a narrative presentation of history that predated Josiah (such as the Septuagint). Rehoboam, who is said to have succeeded Solomon, was the son of an Ammonite princess.”[17]. The only wife named is Naamah an Ammonite, the mother of Rehoboam. K, sorry it’s so long. 20b).”[8] Rabbi Pinchas Frankel clearly pins this fall on Solomon's wife Pharaoh's daughter. Any foreign princess that married the Pharaoh came with a large dowry and many attendants, she settled into life at the palace and became a minor (second) wife".[16]. 1 Kings 3:1-3 Solomon makes a successful alliance with his superpower neighbour, Egypt, by marrying the daughter of the pharaoh - probably Pharaoh Horemheb. In the case of Solomon's wives, ... of the Forest of Lebanon, the Hall of Pillars, and the Hall of Justice, as well as a residence for himself and one for Pharaoh's daughter (where did the other wives live? His father called him Heber, because it was for this child’s sake that he had been “reunited” with his wife. Pharaoh's daughter who was the wife of Solomon is a figure in Hebrew scriptures who married the king of the United Monarchy of Israel to cement a political alliance with Egypt. As an example, just the other day I heard about a study which suggested that couples share ideologies–and in this season of political voting, also tend to vote the same way (thereby not canceling out each other’s vote). And why was he punished? The Talmud at Sanhedrin 21b says Solomon knew that there were regulations in the Torah against some of his actions but at the time he felt he was wise enough to disregard them and not fall into sin "it is written: He shall not multiply wives to himself, whereon Solomon said, ‘I will multiply wives yet not let my heart be perverted.’ Yet we read, When Solomon was old, his wives turned away his heart. Oh, and by the way, Mered ALSO had a Judean wife (who also bore him three sons. In the final stage, Josephus and rabbinic literature report that is was the primary wife, Pharaoh’s daughter, who led Solomon astray and therefore caused the eventual destruction of Israel. The first of Solomon’s women noted in scripture is Pharaoh’s daughter, and the Torah forbade the Israelites to intermingle with Egyptians. They told Rehoboam "Thy father made our yoke grievous; now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee." By 'converting' and 'marrying' her, Solomon was perhaps very daringly and ambitiously striving to deepen and enhance the revelation of God's unity on all levels of creation. As a compassionate gesture, his Mitanni brother-in-law sent him an idol of the [Mesopotamian] goddess Ishtar". Did you notice it took Solomon 7 years to build the Temple in all its glory….and 13 years to build his palace? The distinction is not cut and dry and they often overlap. But Pharaoh's daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house which [Solomon] had built for … The Greatest Champion Of Woman And Womanhood Is Jesus Christ – James E. Talmage, ‘No wife of mine shall dwell in the house of David king of Israel, because the places are holy, whereunto the ark of the Lord hath come.’ (, “Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, and after Milcom the detestation of the Ammonites.” (, “I have compared thee, O my love, to a steed before Pharaoh’s chariots.”, Solomon and Pharaoh’s Daughter reciting the Song of Solomon, Walking With the Women of the Old Testament, Walking With the Women of the New Testament. Solomon’s Wives. Your email address will not be published. King David died and Solomon, his son by Bath-sheba, inherited the kingdom. ", This objection is held to be addressed by some as the Talmud at Yevamos 76a says that Pharaoh's daughter converted to Judaism before she married Solomon. 3:1 ; 7:8 ; 9:16, 24 ; 11:1 ). ” [ 17.! Army-Despite an internal hesitancy to do so her 'handmaidens ' ). ” [ 8 ], the. Pharaoh ’ s predecessor Psusennes II ruled about fourteen years ( acceding about year 11 of Solomon ) the... 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